Beyonce launches Tumblr site full of awesome personal photos: adorable?

Yesterday was Beyonce and Jay-Z’s fourth wedding anniversary. To celebrate, Jay-Z did some last minute shopping with Jacob the Jeweler – um, did he forget his wedding anniversary?!? Rude! Would you like to know how Beyonce celebrated? She launched her brand-new Tumblr site, which is AWESOME. I cannot emphasize this enough – Bey’s Tumblr rocks. She has already put up dozens of personal photos (almost all of them just of her, of course), and it’s like seeing a whole new Beyonce. Beyonce at rest, Beyonce at play, Beyonce with her sister and her nephew, Beyonce smoking a cigar, Beyonce drinking wine, Beyonce being cute.

I have to hand it to designer Matthew Siskin – this is a beautiful site. Well done. Beyonce claims that she launched the Tumblr so that her fans could have a “view into her world.” As for the new evidence that Beyonce was not wearing a pillow, we have this photo:

…Which is the most realistic photo of her baby bump that I’ve personally seen. Is that the rationale behind the Tumblr launch? Does Beyonce want us to finally believe that she wasn’t wearing a pillow? There’s a video of her bump too, courtesy of LaineyGossip (because I couldn’t find this video on the Tumblr):

Sure.

Photos courtesy of Beyonce’s Tumblr.

You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.

112 Responses to “Beyonce launches Tumblr site full of awesome personal photos: adorable?”

Comments are Closed

We close comments on older posts to fight comment spam.

  1. Leticia says:

    Beyonce has such a beautiful face. Great photos.

    • autumndaze says:

      She is lovely; but this is nothing more than an attempt to soften their damaged public image.
      Does it make her more relatable? Really?
      It won’t change the opinion of people who felt that the pregnancy was staged and the restrictions placed on parents of children in the hospital ICU when she “delivered” was unconscionable.
      (And that picture of her sister’s hand on her belly is hardly convincing.)

      • RocketMerry says:

        I agree, the site is a quite obvious attempt to soften her public image. Very well planned; this looks like it has been prepared for months, and they cured every detail. Note how every picture is professionally shot, although set in a more casual atmosphere. The lights are all professional, the video goes back to the same vacation that provided “proof” pictures for her pregnancy (so same argument there, that looks like a big-lunch belly)…
        Incredible site, really, good job.

        Now, do I believe she was really pregnant? Oh, hell no.

      • jc126 says:

        Their staff’s actions towards the other parents were absolutely despicable.
        I still am mostly convinced she wasn’t pregnant. These “candids” are so un-candid.

  2. sup says:

    why is it that some people feel a need to overshare their private personal life? no1curr. btw i think those people, in the same vein as dame poop (gwynnie), just want to flaunt the highs of their lives because in reality, they are deeply unhappy. maybe if they flaunt it around enough times, and post too many airbrushed pics, then they can convince themselves to have fulfilled that empty hole in their souls.

    • Nev says:

      word up.

      as much as I wish it not to be true, something is up with her and Goop as well. they never used to be sooo out there and open.

      • sup says:

        yeah tbh i feel kinda worried when i looked at these pics, i didn’t click on the tumblr link so i’m assuming these are the same pics they showed there. beyonce’s eyes look sad for some reason. but maybe it’s the baby blues, a pretty common condition. as for gwynnie, she could be unhappy because most people say she and chris are really separated/and that she is actually frigid

  3. podzol says:

    It really is a superb site (Tumblr, no less). Blows Goop’s outta the water in one instant. Feels more personal, less haughty and pretentious, even though those two lead similar luxurious lifestyles!

    • marie says:

      bite your tongue, Goop’s will be changed within a week, haha. I agree though, it is nicely done

      • podzol says:

        Funniest part was the inclusion of 1 puny pic of a head-down Gwynnie 😉
        That said… my indifference to Beyoncé stays the same. But credits given to a nice site!

  4. FOREVER says:

    Nice pics something about the video sounds so fake, it should be quite appropriate standing next to what she thinks is blue ivy hmmmmm I smell a rat. Why not just show a big pregnant stomach and end all this conspiracy shit once and for all. I’m not buying it. Fake lol👎

    • Jacq says:

      Agreed. Bare stomach or it didn’t happen

      • suzie says:

        um her stomach is bare in that bikini video. her pregnancy wasn’t fake morons.

      • mel2 says:

        I just dont get her. Doesnt admit she was dating or marrying Jay-Z now she wants to throw her whole life in front of us.

    • Liv says:

      Exactly! I mean my stomach just looks like hers – when I ate a lot! 😉

      At least with these private pics she became a bit more likeable again.

      • Macey says:

        That video or pic in the bikini doesnt ‘prove’ a thing. My stomach, which is usually flat, will look like that after a big meal or even just drinking soda. I could probably stick it out and easily pass for 7-9 months pregnant. Those pics and video are so obviously staged just so the gullible stans will refer to them to say she was really preggers but we all know she wasnt.
        she’s desperately doing this is to get back and stay in the spotlight since everyone saw right thru her pregnancy publicity stunt.

    • Julie says:

      Fer goodness sake! So what if she had a surrogate. The baby is here now and Beyonce is the only mother she will know. It is a mothers prerogative as to when, if ever, she reveals that there was a surrogate pregnancy.

      We know for sure that she does not have a body image issue to keep her from pregancy. She embraces her curves. We also know that since she took a year out in 2010, she was willing to take a career break for a baby. So….if she went surrogate, it was probably a HEALTH ISSUE, just like me.

      Now let me tell ya, the feelings of “failure” and insecurity over the birth mother are irrational but ver very real. Add to that the stigma thats still attached especially in black communities and then tell me you cant summon the compassion to just LET IT GO.

      • Jacqu says:

        From what I’m getting, people want her to own up to the pillow-baby and not try to project an image of what is perceived to be perfect. Similarly to how she wants (or her management wants) everyone to believe that she’s creative and talented not just with her songs but with lyrics/videos etc. Except she’s been caught in that lie too many times.

        Summerize: A super star can be “not perfect” and own up to it?

  5. TheOriginalVictoria says:

    PR f–kery to make her seem open and accessible after the Pillow Plot Phishery. Her fans wanted her todo this years ago, but she was private. And she still is. Those photos are so phony and staged. Nothing candid at all

    • fancyamazon says:

      That was the feeling i got from them as well. Perhaps it is on purpose, and perhaps not. I almost think that some of these people are taking staged photos so often that they do it in their “private” moments as well. But to me, these do seem to be all (at least the vast majority of them) photos taken with the intention of putting them “out there” some day. Staged and contrived.

  6. Rose says:

    Did her and J take about 10 years to admit they were even together, I’m surprised they would just throw open the doors to their private life like this…i’m loving nosing around though! Hope it doesn’t backfire for them. She really is stunning.

    • Tiffany27 says:

      It is a bit strange. They wouldn’t even talk about each other publicly until last year. Change of heart I guess.

      • Liv says:

        I would say change of image! Years ago she was known as the most down to earth and nicest celebrity out there – she definitly has a different image now: the rumored fake pregnancy, her super expensive delivery, her fancy life…I guess the pics are damage control.

    • Mimi says:

      They are clearly trying to devalue paparazzi photos. The more FREE snaps of her there are out there the less the papped photos can earn. Shes directly feeding the publics demand and cutting out middle man blogs and mags. Its a gamble but it could work.

      I love how private she has always been and going by these, that hasnt changed. Carefully selected beautiful pictures that still keep her behind the veil. Whats there to hate, other than for hatings-own-sake.

  7. Bite me says:

    But buy but they r such an ultra private couple… Matthew Knowles come get ur child

  8. Ainsley says:

    Beyonce is doing this because she has to. She always seems a little wooden and closed off, which doesn’t work these days because social media is intrusive and all about sharing. I would guess she’d rather not open up, but if she wants to compete and keep people talking she has to do it. I don’t think she’ll over-share as much as some people do. Where are the baby pics? I’d like to see more of those!

  9. Lila says:

    The pillow thing is such bull.. There was a pic of her wearing a bikini with a big belly before the pillow crap.

    • Jacqu says:

      Most people theorize that since they can achieve that same belly in that bikini if they had a big lunch, that it certainly couldn’t be real.

  10. geekychic says:

    maybe she won’t admit it, but I’m sure she’s pretty upset about these “false-pregnancy”….honestly, I feel sorry for her: it seems some couldn’t wait to find something negative about her.
    I HOPE this video puts those rumors to rest, but I don’t think it will. (although I’m strangely proud it’s a video of Hvar!!!:)
    I don’t know, EVERY pregnancy is different and to put someone down like that-not classy.
    never paid particular attention to her, until this backlash, so no, can’t say I’m a fan. Just honestly surprised about the level of judgment we allow ourselves these days-I thought pregnancies are off the limits-but judging by people going off about Simpson’s weight and this…..gossip has hit a new low.

  11. Flea says:

    I wonder if she has hypothyroidism because her neck looks awfully goiter-y.

    Other than that the pictures don’t make me think any differently. Meh.

  12. paola says:

    I hate saying this… but i love her website.. it looks classy, colorful, funny and incredibly personal.. love the pictures and she looks beautiful.
    oh bey i can’t hate you on this one..

  13. littlestar says:

    Interesting how all her pictures look so perfect. My “candid” photos are usually not so… staged. They are beautiful though. But I still think Beyonce is as private as ever, and she is only showing us what SHE wants us to see.

    • JustBored says:

      I totally agree.

    • JB says:

      I bet one of her friends is a photographer. I have a girlfriend who takes candid pictures like that.

      • littlestar says:

        Or, she just has a photographer follow her around, taking “candid” pics for her ;).

    • And......? says:

      And why would she show you that which she didnt want you to see???

    • petitemal says:

      It’s called an SLR, and the photo quality difference compared to a regular point-and-shoot is huge. They’re not even that difficult to use — put one on auto-mode and a five year old will take a photo with a “professional” look to it.

      SLRs are also pretty common nowadays (I have one and most of my friends do as well), so it’s not a far stretch at all to imagine that Beyonce and Jay-Z know how to use and operate one themselves — thus, the “professional” quality of some of the candids on Beyonce’s Tumblr.

  14. thethinker says:

    Beautiful pictures! Beyonce has kept her private life private for so long it’s given people too much rein to wildly speculate. This is as much a shut-down of those far-fetched rumours as much as a way to remind us that being successful doesn’t make her less human. Class act.

  15. mln76 says:

    I have to love all the delusional people who are still holding onto the fake belly theory. The only thing that will make them happy is if they see the delivery tape.

    • atorontogal says:

      I’m with you. But then again some people just aren’t happy unless they are bitching about someone/thing. If she was out there constantly then she’d be called a famewhore…some of these celebreties just simply can’t win.

      • Coucou says:

        Atorontogal – even though this is “Celebitchy” we’re not all about bitching about BeeJay’s belly (why not BeeJay? Brangelina, etc.) it’s just that it seems strange for someone who puts up personal photos not to have taken or included bare prego belly pics – heck, i’m no celebrity, and even i took big prego pics of myself, because i wanted me kids to see it one day (my mom did, and i thought it was so cool!)

        It’s not whether or not i think there was a conception conspiracy…it’s the reasonable doubt that i have, especially now, having seen these photos and not a one of her looking crazy gorgeous all big and pregnant…she could be an inspiration, what is there to hide?

        She is very cute though and photographs very well. I’m glad she’s a mom and i don’t care how it happened.

      • mln76 says:

        But there ARE pregnant belly pics…Including the bare belly video above and several pics of people including children touching her stomach. In this case people have a certain idea stuck in their brain and nothing will turn them off of it.

      • geekychic says:

        Coucou: but soe people DON’T take them: my mom did not, my sister did not. Actually, I wouldn’t also. Is that really an argument??

      • Coucou says:

        To Geekychick, what i said was only a casual expression of my “reasonable doubt,” not at all an argument, i don’t care enough to argue about it!

        And to Mln76, yes, “some” people don’t take pictures of their pregnant bellies, but for some reason, B does not strike me as the camera shy type. As for the bare belly prego shot above, sorry, but she just looks bloated to me. If i eat too much lentil soup, i wake up looking like that the next day.

    • TheOriginalVictoria says:

      The only thing that will make me happy is when people stop thinking like a stan and start using their brain.

      There is no proof of her pregnancy, just smoke and mirrors which is what she is very good at doing.

      I’ll leave everyone to their delusions as long as they leave me to the reality of the situation

      • atorontogal says:

        So you are right and the rest of us who actually believe she had a baby are delusional?

      • Tiffany says:

        You are the one talking like a stan of the pillow theory. It is hardly reality to cling to a fantasy about a pillow conspiracy. The fact of the matter is that there is no rational reason to believe that she wasn’t pregnant and didn’t give birth.

      • Tiffany says:

        And what is “proof of pregnancy”? Are you that anxious to see a shot of Blue Ivy crowning?

      • autumndaze says:

        I’m with OriginalVictoria. There is nothing wrong with using a surrogate.
        Why not just be honest about it?

      • S says:

        Oh, good Lord! What would you say if she had bared her nine-months-along belly? It was photoshopped? SHE WAS PREGNANT. Sheesh.

      • Becky says:

        Why isn’t anyone talking about the pic with the lady touching her belly- oh my god!
        I thought this site was way to harsh w the pillow theory but that thing…. Its lumpy with folds! Wtf?

    • RocketMerry says:

      Am I the only one who finds this interesting solely from a communication-pr-study point of view? I think this should be in “Pr and public persona building” books!

      • TheOriginalVictoria says:

        Have a phucking seat!

        Ya’ll are pressed as hell when someone dare point out that magical bump that was Beyshameless’ spawn. In order to understand the fuckery, you have to actually get out of celebrity asses and realize that there are many who will do whatever it takes to stay n top. I WAS a Beyonce fan as a teen and growing up in an urban area have been up on all the gossip and flow before mainstream picked up on her simple ass.

        There is nothing this family wouldn’t do for money, fame, and power. Nothing. Look at what she does as opposed to what she says.

      • RocketMerry says:

        Well, I always believed she never actually carried the baby. I wrote so a couple of posts up in this same article.
        I’m just saying, from a communication-pr point of view, this tmblr site is well planned and done, and the whole “Beyoncè’s motherhood of wonders” strategy would serve well as a case study. Look at the hype it created! Look how much attention (positive vs negative)!
        I for one would like to know who they hired, that would interest me.

  16. lucy2 says:

    A little surprising she’d release all those personal photos, but it is a nice site. Self-indulgent, but I guess it’s for the “fans”.

  17. daani says:

    More like desperate end of rope ploy for attention since blue reborn alive doll pillow cabbage patch ivy really pees cries and giggles life like but really made in china baby blew up in her face!!!!

  18. Nickygil says:

    Kaiser, the video is with the photo panel. It is the only one with an arrow on it 🙂

  19. Psyren says:

    Her nephew is ridiculously adorable!

  20. JustBored says:

    The photos are beautiful. I love Tumblr!
    Still looks very staged though.

  21. JB says:

    She is so gorgeous.

  22. Nanz says:

    She is so naturally beautiful.

    • Liv says:

      She really is! I find her the most beautiful when she’s with her own hair and without any makeup!

  23. L says:

    Shenanigans. She doesn’t look pregnant in that video at all. Totally flat stomach with maybe a food baby if that.

    I still think this chick has a surrogate. Which is fine.

    • S says:

      Oh, good Lord! What would you say if she had bared her nine-months-along belly? It was photoshopped?

  24. apsutter says:

    Omg…there is a picture of her dressed up as Spiderman!

  25. Trudi9 says:

    I’m sorry but to me it comes of as fake. Indie music and hipster culture is being appropriated by a lot of people because it’s becoming cooler and some of it is spilling over into the mainstream (making some people debate “what is really indie?” etc).

    Beyonce and Jay-Z are known for appropriating other people’s work and jumping on trendy bandwagons to stay relevant as artists. They really aren’t that original. Before Kanye West came out as an artist he was a producer for Jay-Z (under his label?)

    Jay and B just know how to get the right people around them. That’s fine and I wouldn’t say that makes anyone any less of an artists necessarily but Beyonce strikes me as not soo smart. Did she finish school? And she is always managed by someone…be it her father or husband or her mom in some way.

    Anyway, what I am getting at is that Jay and Beyonce were seen at Coachella and/or Bonnaroo cruising around and I’m sure they want people to believe they are there to check out the music like anyone else but I think it was to see what it was about and who they could copy or what they could incorporate into their brand and their businesses.

    It’s not like someone who is likes somehting and wants to know why they like or what they like and how to put it in their lives or their work, rather it’s them very STRATEGICALLY co-opting something. I don’t know if I am biased or what but I just don’t like them at all.

    Tumblr is for the artsy set…it’s also very popular with indie and hispter types (some famous; some not). It just seems too obvious knowing what we know about them. How she copies and their hitting up the music festivals to not see or think that they might just be trying to expand their brand or keep “relevant” as some would say. I’ve always found it annoying how other hipsters give Jay-Z so much respect when he doesn’t earn it. Same for Beyonce. They are overrated. I don’t care how cute her Tumblr is.

    • Julie says:

      Wow, thats alot of paragraphs. Some celebs like Twitter, others FB. She just likes Tumblr. Whateva

  26. kat says:

    hmm… the VMA reveal was a week or so before the bikini pics in Croatia according to People. my theory is she padded to make more of an impact at the VMAs and then carried small throughout the rest of her pregnancy. i imagine that woman had abs and a core of steel! baby pushed out out widthways instead of to the front.

    love love loving all the pics.

    • S says:

      That’s what I’ve always said. She padded at first (for God knows what reason), but then she stopped, and people refused to get over the belly-folding thing. She WAS pregnant. Look at her boobs (early on, they tripled in size) and her face and feet were swollen towards the end.

    • lily says:

      yes and if it was in the ‘real world’ she’d seem a little crazy for doing it.

  27. Paula says:

    She is getting whiter & whiter.

  28. anonymoose says:

    Those giant clown eyeglasses are so utterly stupid looking! They are as fake as Bouncy’s talent and pregnancy.

    But the dress she is wearing in the photo with her nephew is very pretty – the best she has ever looked.

    She looks so mannish from the nose up in the cigar photo!

  29. Isa says:

    I don’t really know what a tumblr site is. I feel kind of lame admitting that.
    Anyway, the pictures are cute. But the kind of reminded me that I have so very few of myself. All my pictures are of my kids or my kids with their dad. Grr.

    • the original bellaluna says:

      Mama’s always the camera-woman! 😀 And don’t worry, I don’t know what a Tumblr is either. Nor do I want to! (Haven’t even looked at MEyonce’s pix.)

      • Isa says:

        Yup! I don’t have any photos with my kids since my youngest was two months old. He’s 7 months now and my sister is about to take some of us soon. I’m gonna have to start passing the camera off to my husband otherwise my kids are gonna wonder where I was when they look back one day!

      • normades says:

        Tumblr is just a hosting site to quickly and publicly post photos/links etc. in a blog like format.

        It’s super easy to set up and having a professional do it really cracks me up.

        Personally I don’t see what’s so “amazing” about this tumblr. The photo quality is great, but it’s not like you have to be a great graphic designer to do this.

  30. iwannarock says:

    compare her pregnancy with simpsons… lmao.

  31. reg says:

    Don’t buy it. This site screams of
    D-E-S-P-E-R-A-T-I-O-N There were never any picture of her stomach in Late pregnancy, this is just a lame attempt to salvage what is left of her career after that fake pregnancy fiasco. If she admitted to surrogate after her pillow deflated on International TV, she would have been in much better situation publicity wise than she is in right now.

  32. alibeebee says:

    that pic were the lady is touching her bellu FAKE! go look at it blow it up to original size. i didn’t know a pregnant belly could cave in in places and have lumps like that.. the other one showing a side profile her tummy funny how it’s more of a shadow photos she’s all dark can’t see any details.. so fake.

    • Coucou says:

      Yeah, she should’ve used the belly prop that Bree Vanderkamp used to fake a pregnancy on Desperate Housewives.

  33. FOREVER says:

    If she can supposedly show a small bare stomach why can’t she show a big bare stomach. Fake. Showing a bump in the dark pls only your stans will fall for this shit. It’s too late b we know..

  34. velourazure says:

    i like beyonce. nothing she does bugs me.

  35. Eric says:

    Yes, I am waiting for her to post a pic of her with a bare big stomach before she “gave birth” that is not photo shopped.

    This new website she designed smells fishy from a mile away, most people don’t believe she was pregnant and the baby looks Hispanic, if she does not admit she used a surrogate this site is not going to repair her image…

  36. ManicPixieDreamGirl says:

    Beyonce and jay-z creep me out with all the symbolism they use in their videos. And I’m sure her it was her narcissism that kept her from having her own baby.

  37. kibbles says:

    This is such a PR stunt. Agree with other comments that this new Tumblr site reeks of desperation to reconnect with her dwindling fan base. Yes, she will remain a superstar and has cemented her popularity in Pop and R&B. However, this is damage control as more people are calling her out on her numerous lies, plagiarism, and elitism. I really have nothing else to say about her pregnancy and whether it was fake or real. At this point I don’t really care. The truth of the matter is that a growing number of people no longer trust her. She is a phony with a career built on backstabbing her so-called friends and family members. I guess it was worth it in the end because she does has everything her heart desires. It’s just that more people are beginning to care less because the music she has been putting out recently is trash.

  38. xty says:

    good god!
    shes as humble as a kardashian!

  39. My2Cents says:

    She is so beautiful. She just seems to radiate. I would love to brown that beach instead of stuck at home with sick kids.

  40. sarah says:

    Guys, your comments about how your stomach looks like this when you eat to much are just lame. She’s not so fat to have this kind of stomach without being pregnant

  41. Jellybean says:

    I can’t believe how insane the whole pregnancy conspiracy was: she was obviously pregnant! she just laid very low for the duration of her pregnancy and probably worked out and ate prepared health food the whole time. People got crazy over nothing…

  42. reg says:

    There is no pregnancy conspiracy, there is no proof she was ever pregnant.

    This self-worshipping will get her nowhere fast.
    Even if she admits now to using surrogate it’s too late

    I wish she and JZZZZZ would stop these desperate attempts to repair their image, and go sit down somewhere, no need to update their stupid site.

  43. Katie says:

    Narcissism defined.

  44. garvels says:

    Nothing but a contrived PR stunt.

  45. kat says:

    Beyonce rubbing her six month belly yelling “Oh Baby!”

    http://youtu.be/18RRx-2ExnM

    Do people really, truly, think she faked it? Look at the joy on her face!

    • Coucou says:

      Have you seen any of her movies? She’s a damn good actress. I don’t care either way, just sayin’…girl can act!

      • me says:

        oh, really. Now she can act too. I thought you haters always said she can’t act -_-

      • Jaye says:

        ROTFLMAO!!!!! So in order to make the whole “fake pregnancy/fake baby” conspiracy theory stick NOW folks are saying Beyonce is a good actress???!!! LMAO!!! I can’t…you people tickle me.

  46. jferber says:

    Kat: Beyonce could totally simulate joy, just as any other fame-robot could. There’s nothing natural left in her. Sad really. She’s her own Stepford wife.

  47. J says:

    The pictures are beautiful.

  48. Del says:

    How does she worship herself? By not putting her business out there for everyone to see? Hey not everyone wants that! Is it not enough you see her in her songs and movies? What else do you want? Ok you want negative stuff about her right? Oh well you won’t get it ’cause she isn’t that kinda person. Even if she released a video of herself delivering that beautiful baby you would still doubt it all because you don’t like her. Pathetic!

  49. Jaye says:

    Poor Beyonce just can’t win.

  50. reg says:

    Her career faltered before this pregnancy fiasco, her last album was not selling,
    she’s way too overexposed now and there is no need to push herself like that, people are disgusted by her blatant lying, and weird PR stunts that have come out non stop after she “gave birth”…

  51. gravityfalls says:

    has anyone ever noticed how joan rivers emphasises on loosing baby weight so fast wenever they talk about beyonce.so yeah you are not the only ones who think the pregnancy was fake,apparently other hollywood morons think that too….but fake or not,the baby will only know and have one mother and thats beyonce carter so deal with it people!!!!!

  52. Eric says:

    According to industry sources, Beyonce has a mental illness, which may be the reason behind the fake pregnancy, nothing about her is normal or decent, she is delusional if she thinks this website will help her,
    She will never be Diana Ross or Tina Turner because they have two things Beyonce lacks Talent and Class.

    • Jaye says:

      ROTFLMAO AGAIN!!!! I can’t take it! There have been some real gems in this comment section. “According to industry sources”…well that just PROVES it, doesn’t it? And if by “classy”, (in reference to Diana Ross,anyway) you mean “drunk,bitchy homewrecker” then yeah…Miss Ross is a class act. Hilarious.

    • kate says:

      I agree with Eric.

  53. kate says:

    The chick is cunning and crafty in releasing these photos. Nothing more. Nothing less.